Pengaruh kefungsian keluarga terhadap pengherotan kognitif pelajar dan ketahanan diri sebagai perantara

In line with the National Education Philosophy (NEP), the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013-2025) was launched in order to produce students who are capable of thinking constructively and able to face the obstacles, while developing leadership skills and potential in students. However, family functioning also plays a role in developing students' resilience and positive thinking. Therefore, this study is to identify the influence of family functioning on student cognitive distortion and resilience as a mediator. The quantitative approach was used in this study, while the cross-sectional surveys applied in the data collection process. The instruments used were Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III, Resilient Scale, and Cognitive Distortion Scale. A total of 376 respondents from daily secondary school students in the Northern Zone were participated in this study. Systematic random sampling and disproportionate stratified random sampling had been used. Quantitative data were analyzed by t-test statistical analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression using the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS). The findings showed a significant relation between family functioning with resilience and cognitive distortion. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that family functioning was acting as contributor to the resilience and cognitive distortion were experienced by students. The findings also showed the resilience act as a partial mediator on the relationship between family functioning and cognitive distortion, where the five main dimensions of resilience are self assurance, problem solver, organized, socially connected, and proactive have been identified as the main contributors. In conclusion, this study has builds a significant theoretical framework to show a good level of family functioning can affect the resilience and cognitive distortion among students, as well as being able to contribute to various parties such as school management, counselors, parents, and researchers in order to produce future leaders who capable in various aspects

Kefungsian keluarga dan pengherotan kognitif dalam kalangan belia di Institut Kemahiran Belia Negara (IKBN) Malaysia

Selaras dengan hasrat Kementerian Belia dan Sukan (KBS) untuk membangunkan belia yang bersatu padu, berdisplin, dan berakhlak tinggi, beberapa usaha telah diambil oleh pihak Institut Kemahiran Belia Negara (IKBN) untuk membantu melahirkan belia mahir yang berakhlak dan berwawasan. Kajian ini memfokuskan terhadap faktor psikologi dan tahap kesihatan mental dalam usaha membentuk belia yang produktif. Justeru, kajian ini berusaha untuk mengenalpasti tahap kefungsian keluarga dan penyimpangan kognitif dalam kalangan pelajar IKBN di Malaysia. Sebanyak 1200 orang pelajar telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales III (FACES III) digunakan untuk mengukur kefungsian keluarga, dan Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS) pula bagi mengukur penyimpangan kognitif. Keputusan kajian mendapati tahap kefungsian keluarga responden adalah sederhana, manakala tahap penyimpangan kognitif responden pula adalah rendah. Dapatan juga menunjukkan bahawa aspek kefungsian keluarga yang baik dapat mencegah masalah penyimpangan kognitif belia. Implikasi kajian ini dapat menyumbang terhadap usaha pembangunan belia oleh pihak IKBN dan pihak KBS di Malaysia

Long range channel characteristics through foliage

Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations. Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning

Konsep Maqamat Al-Yaqin Menurut Ibn `Ata’ Allah Dan Kaitannya Dengan Resiliensi [The Concept Of Maqamat Al-Yaqin According To Ibn `Ata' Allah And Its Relation To Resilience]

The identification of Ibn `Ata Allah and his work has been the subject of extensive research conducted by scholars worldwide. According to Ibn `Ata Allah, associating partners with Allah SWT is considered shirk. This theological perspective views the act of attributing individuals or entities as allies to God as a form of polytheism. Allah SWT is attributed with wahdaniyyah, which means that Allah SWT is One in His Essence, His Attributes, and His Actions. This implies that nothing can ever be identical or equal to the essence, attributes, and actions of Allah SWT. This principle is deeply ingrained in the perspective of tawḥid practiced by Muslims. This article examines Maqamat al-Yaqin (the stages of certainty) from the perspective of Ibn `Ata Allah, a renowned Sufi figure. This study explores his understanding of the concepts of tawḥid and taṣawwuf and discusses his arguments in his book al-Tanwir fi Isqat al-Tadbir, regarding the significance of Maqamat al-Yaqin. This study employed a library research methodology to gather data and information. In the data analysis process, data reduction techniques were used to select and prioritize significant elements based on the available data, aiming to provide a clearer description of the data. The findings of this study demonstrate that the exploration of Maqamat al-Yaqin, as examined by Ibn `Ata Allah, has proven advantageous to Muslims by redirecting readers’ attention from the concern of shirk to a sense of appreciation and fortitude in the earthly realm. Moreover, this research indicates the potential alleviation of stress in individuals’ lives.Riwayat hidup Ibn `Ata’ Allah dan hasil karya beliau telah diterokai oleh pengkaji di dalam dan luar negara. Menurut Ibn `Ata’ Allah bahawa sesiapa yang tadbir bersama-sama Allah SWT adalah syirik. Ini adalah kerana bagi Ibn `Ata’ Allah sekiranya tadbir kita bersama dengan tadbir Allah maka ianya syirik kerana mengadakan sekutu bagi Allah. Allah SWT itu bersifat dengan wahdaniyah yang bererti Allah itu Esa pada zatNya, sifatNya dan perbuatanNya. Ini bermakna tiada sesuatu pun yang akan menyamai zat, sifat dan perbuatan Allah SWT. Ianya telah menjadi pemikiran dan kepercayaan dalam perspektif ilmu tauhid yang diamalkan sebagaimana pegangan ahli sunnah wal Jamaah. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang Maqamat al-Yaqin yang dilihat daripada sisi pemikiran seorang tokoh sufi yang terkenal iaitu Ibn `Ata Allah. Artikel ini menyentuh tentang konsep pemikiran beliau di dalam bidang tauhid dan tasawuf, hujah-hujah beliau dalam kitab al-Tanwir fi Isqat al-Tadbir dalam menonjolkan penghayatan terhadap Maqamat al-Yaqin tersebut. Pendekatan kualitatif yang digunakan dalam kajian ini disusuli metode pengumpulan data dan kemudian metode analisis data. Manakala kaedah penganalisisan data menggunakan reduksi data bagi memilih dan memfokuskan pada hal-hal penting berdasarkan data yang ada bagi menggambarkan sesuatu data dengan lebih jelas Hasil kajian menunjukkkan perbahasan Maqamat al-Yaqin yang digunakan Ibn `Ata’ Allah telah memberi manfaat kepada orang Islam dengan mengalihkan tujuan pembaca daripada isu syirik semata-mata kepada penghayatan bagaimana untuk resiliensi di dunia. Di samping, hasil kajian ini dapat mengurangkan tekanan dalam kehidupan

Classification of different types of metal from recyclable household waste for automatic waste separation system

Nowadays, solid waste has become a major problem in Malaysia. However, most people in Malaysia are not aware and take this problem for granted. The rising number of population and massive development in recent years indirectly generated an enormous value of household waste, making the household waste the main generator for solid waste in Malaysia. It stated that only 5 percent of an average 30,000 tons of waste have been recycled in Malaysia. The purpose of the paper is to design a system to separate the metal recyclable household waste automatically and record the data waste collected. There are total of four detectors used to separate the non-metal, steel, copper and aluminum metal waste. The average time used to complete metal separation process by using the proposed prototype is 14.5 seconds. This paper includes a mechanical part, programming part, an electronic design and also the data collected from this proposed system. The system will be programmed using Arduino Mega as a microcontroller to control all the electronic component in the system

Automatic metal waste separator system in Malaysia

Metal recycling is an issue that needs attention and should be practiced by people as it has many advantages to human and Earth. In order to get a metal from Earth, the process called mining are needed where it can harm our natural resources due to depletion of the area to be mined. If the process is not controlled, most of the areas on Earth will have huge excavation holes. So, people should be responsible to prevent this from happening to preserve the environment in a good quality by recycling the metal material. By metal recycling, it can save an energy and resources as it can reduce the demand for raw materials, hence maintain the natural resources for the future. The proposed automatic metal waste separation system is intended to ease the people to separate the waste material. Besides, it will make the metal recycling industry work easier because the metal waste is already isolated at garbage collection side. The purpose of the project is to design a system to separate the metal recyclable household waste automatically and record the data waste collected. There are total of four detectors used to separate the non-metal, steel, copper and aluminum metal waste. The average time used to complete metal separation process by using the proposed prototype is 14.5 seconds. This project includes a mechanical part, programming part and an electronic design. The system will be programmed using Arduino Mega as a microcontroller to control all the electronic component in the system

Smart street light using intensity controller

Smart street light is an intelligent control of street lights to optimize the problem of power consumption of the street, late in night. Currently, usual street lights are automatically turn on when it becomes dark and turn off when it becomes bright. This is huge waste of energy in the entire world as it is an essential community service, but current implementation is not efficient. Conventional street lights are being replaced by Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting system, which reduces the power consumption. The focus of this project is to design a system of street lights controller to provide a reduction in power consumption. The prototype is design by using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared sensor (IR), battery and LED. All this component was controlled by Arduino UNO as the microcontroller. The brightness of the lamps is being controlled in this project to reduce the power consumption. The dimming of the lamps depends on the speed of object motion detected such as pedestrians, cyclists and cars. The higher speed of moving object, the greater the level of intensity. For this idea, the innovation of street lights is not quite the same as conventional street lights that are controlled by timer switch or light sensor which automatically turns the street lights on during sunset and off during sunrise. According to the study, motion detection devices may help to save up to 40% of energy per month

Energy efficient smart street light for smart city using sensors and controller

Smart street light is an intelligent control of street lights to optimize the problem of power consumption of the street, late in night. Conventional street lights are being replaced by Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting system, which reduces the power consumption. The focus of this project is to design a system of street lights controller to provide a reduction in power consumption. The prototype was designed by using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared sensor (IR), battery and LED. The brightness of the lamps is being controlled in this project to reduce the power consumption. The dimming of the lamps depends on the speed of object motion detected such as pedestrians, cyclists and cars. The higher speed of moving object, the greater the level of intensity. For this idea, the innovation of street lights is not quite the same as conventional street lights that are controlled by timer switch or light sensor which automatically turns light on during sunset and off during sunrise. According to the study, motion detection devices may help to save up to 40% of energy per month

Discrimination of residual and recyclable household waste for automatic waste separation system

Most of the countries in the world are confronting a gigantic issue of waste management system. Due to the rapid urbanization and increasing population, huge volume of waste is produced year by year. Improper waste management system has created a deep concern among people which lead to disturbance to the environment and human health. In this paper, a fully automated system that discriminate residual and recyclable household waste is proposed. It is shown that the prototype system are able to automatically separate waste into residual and recyclable waste by employing a moisture sensor to sort them into wet (residual) and dry (recyclable) waste. The state of the waste is determined by its resistance to current value and the percentage of water content

Strategic Profiling and Analytic Modelling of Node Misbehaviour in Adhoc Networks via Game Theory

Ubiquitous Computing and Internet of Things (IOT) are extremely popular in recent age and therefore imparting high level security mechanism is highly indispensable for such advanced technical systems. However, the security problems in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are a constant topic of interest and have been drawing attention of research community from the past decade, where massive study has already been witnessed for addressing the security affairs. One of the precarious problems encountered in MANET is that of identifying the malicious nodes. This is because nodes in MANET are equally influential to take accountability during transmission. Coordination among nodes during communication and working without control of any central manager truly ensembles them to be applied in IoT. However, the identification and later mitigation of malicious nodes becomes an immensely difficult task especially when Selfish/Erroneous nodes exist along with normal Collaborative nodes in the Regular camp. The presence of selfish nodes is potentially harmful as similar behaviour can be imitated by malicious nodes which are the point of concern of many security aspects. While reviewing some techniques on the security system in MANET, it was found that game theory had a prime contribution in the past few years due to potential accuracy in its probabilistic approach and computational efficiency. Therefore, this study accentuates the use of game theory and probability theory considering selfish nodes in the regular node camp while modelling the Regular versus Malicious node game and thereby enhancing the prior mathematical schema of strategical decision making to accommodate for the same. The proposed study performs statistical analysis and presents a mathematical model to mimic the multi-stage game between regular and malicious node using Game Theory. Furthermore, it does not use any complex cryptographic protocols that tend to increase network overhead. The framework tries to effectively represent the various unpredictable actions of node cooperation, node declination, node attacks as well as node reporting that can model the strategic profiling of various mobile nodes. Understanding the patterns and then deploying the algorithms in security products can reduce intrusion to a greater exten